Professor Peter Reich

Foundation Director

Grants/ Current Projects
Selected Publications

Peter Reich Professor Reich is jointly affiliated with UWS and the University of Minnesota where he holds the positions of F.B. Hubachek Sr. Chair, Distinguished McKnight Professor and Regents Professor. He is internationally recognised for his outstanding contributions to interdisciplinary research aimed at providing solutions to Earth's most pressing environmental problems. These include his discovery of universal rules of leaf design and related scaling of plant physiology from seedling to tree, from cell to ecosystem, and from the stand to the globe. Additionally he is widely regarded as a world leader in ecologically realistic experiments to assess impacts of major environmental change factors-- including rising atmospheric CO₂, atmospheric nitrogen deposition, climate change, and biodiversity loss-- on terrestrial ecosystems, and in using these experiments to characterize the multi-scale mechanisms underlying shifts at physiological, community, and ecosystem levels. Professor Reich’s current research focuses on the effects of climate change, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, other air pollutants, land use/management, fire and biotic invasion on health, biodiversity, and sustainability of forest and grassland ecosystems. This work simultaneously attempts to bridge the fields of physiological, community, ecosystem, landscape, and global ecology. He has been involved in research on five continents, on natural and managed ecosystems ranging from tropical rain forest to alpine tundra, and boreal forest to industrial agriculture.

Areas of Research/ Teaching Expertise

Forest Ecology; Plant Physiological Ecology; Tree Physiology; Ecosystem Science

Selected Awards, Recognition, Service

Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2011
BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Ecology and Conservation Biology (formal award ceremony, Madrid, June 23, 2010)
Founding Member, Climate Change Science Rapid Response Team (to inform and educate Media about climate change and its potential environmental impacts)
University of Minnesota Institute of the Environment, Resident Fellow (2009-2012)
Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Science Citation Index: as of November 2010, total citations > 17,750. H-Index = 71. List (by total numbers of citations) among Most Cited 10 Ecologists and Environmental Scientists in the World (out of ≈ 500,000) continuously since 2002.
Keynote Speaker, Invited Seminar, and Public Lectures: >200 at leading universities, international congresses, and public events, worldwide.
Commissioner, Mahtomedi City Environmental Commission (2007-2010)
Founding Member, Mahtomedi Area Green Initiative (2007), Mahtomedi, MN
Past and Current Editorial Board Service: Australian Journal of Botany, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Ecology/Ecological Monographs, Oecologia, Tree Physiology, Trees
Presidential Young Investigator Award, National Science Foundation (USA), 1988-1993
Pound Award for Excellence in Research, University of Wisconsin, 1989

Selected Grants/Projects

Transformational Steps In Synthesis Science
Partner/Funding Body: Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota
Period: 2011-2013

Experimental warming effects on soil organic matter dynamics at the temperate-boreal forest ecotone
Co-Researchers: S Hobbie, R MontgomeryPartner/Funding Body: DOE NICCR
Period: 2010-201

Warming-induced biome change at the temperate-boreal ecotone: an experimental test of key regeneration processes
Co-Researchers: R Rich, S Hobbie, R Montgomery, J Oleksyn
Partner/Funding Body: U.S. Department of Energy Program for Ecosystem Research
Period: 2010-2011

Healthy Forests to Resist Invasion
Co-Researcher: A Pierce
Partner/Funding Body: Minnesota LCCMR (Legislative and Citizens Commission for Minnesota Resources)
Period: 2010-2012

Adaptive management of black ash in light of emerald ash borer invasion
Co-Researcher: A. D’Amato
Partner/Funding Body: Minnesota LCCMR (Legislative and Citizens Commission for Minnesota Resources)
Period: 2010-2012

Reinventing the Boreal Forest: Bolstering Resilience (Economic, Societal, and Ecological) in an Era of Transformational Change
Partner/Funding Body: Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota
Period: 2009-2013

Combining Theories For Plant Architecture, Allometry, and Traits to Develop the Next Generation of Scaling Theory
Co-Researchers: B Enquist, V. Savage, J. Sperry
Partner/Funding Body: National Science Foundation (USA), Advancing Theory in Biology
Period: 2008-2011

Biodiversity, Environmental Change and Ecosystem Functioning at the Prairie-Forest Border
Co-Researcher: D. Tilman
Partner/Funding Body: National Science Foundation (USA), Long-Term Ecological Research Program
Period: 2007-2012

A Genomics-enabled FACE Microbial Observatory: Changes in Microbial Diversity and Functions in responding to elevated CO, Nitrogen Deposition and Plant Diversity
Co-Researchers: J. Zhou, He, S. Hobbie
Partner/Funding Body: U.S. Department of Agriculture
Period: 2008-2011

LTREB: Longterm Interactions among Biodiversity, CO2, and N in a Perennial Grassland Ecosystem
Co-Researchers: S. Hobbie, T. Lee
Partner/Funding Body: National Science Foundation (USA), Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology
Period: 2007-2012

TraitNet: Research Coordination Network for Species Traits
Co-Researchers: S. Naeem, D. Bunker
Partner/Funding Body: National Science Foundation (USA)
Period: 2007-2012

Interactions of water, CO₂ and N in an experimental model system
Partner/Funding Body: National Institute for Climate Change Research
Period: 2006-2011

Selected Publications

Refereed, >388 total; > 368 journal articles, >20 book chapters

Journal Articles

Deng Y, He ZL, Xu MY, Qin YJ, Van Nostrand JD, Wu LY, Roe BA, Wiley G, Hobbie SE, Reich PB, Zhou JZ, (2012) 'Elevated Carbon Dioxide Alters the Structure of Soil Microbial Communities', Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.78, no.8, pp 2991-2995

Eisenhauer N, Cesarz S, Koller R, Worm K, Reich PB, (2012) 'Global change belowground: impacts of elevated CO₂, nitrogen, and summer drought on soil food webs and biodiversity', Global Change Biology, vol.18, no.2, pp 435-447

Eisenhauer N, Reich PB, (2012) 'Above- and below-ground plant inputs both fuel soil food webs', Soil Biology, Vol.45, no.2, pp 156-160

Falster DS, Reich PB, Ellsworth DS, Wright IJ, Westoby M, Oleksyn J, Lee TD, (2012) 'Lifetime return on investment increases with leaf lifespan among 10 Australian woodland species', New Phytologist, vol.193, no.2, pp 409-419

He Z, Piceno Y, Deng Y, Xu M, Lu Z, De Santis T, Andersen G, Hobbie SE, Reich PB, Zhou J, (2012) 'The phylogenetic composition and structure of soil microbial communities shifts in response to elevated carbon dioxide' , The ISME Journal, vol.6, no.2, pp 259-272

Kern CC, Reich PB, Montgomery RA, Strong TF, (2012) 'Do deer and shrubs override canopy gap size effects on growth and survival of yellow birch, northern red oak, eastern white pine, and eastern hemlock seedlings?' Forest Ecology and Management, vol.267, pp 134-143

Kloeke AEEV, Douma JC, Ordonez JC, Reich PB, van Bodegom PM, (2012) 'Global quantification of contrasting leaf life span strategies for deciduous and evergreen species in response to environmental conditions', Global Ecology and Biogeography, vol.21, no.2, pp 224-235

Moles AT, Flores-Moreno H, Bonser SP, Warton DI, Helm A, Warman L, Eldridge DJ, Jurado E, Hemmings FA, Reich PB, Cavender-Bares J, Seabloom EW, Mayfield MM, Sheil D, Djietror JC, Peri PL, Enrico L, Cabido MR, Setterfield SA, Lehmann CER, Thomson FJ, (2012) 'Invasions: the trail behind, the path ahead, and a test of a disturbing idea', Journal of Ecology, vol.100, no.1, pp 116-127

Poorter H, Niklas KJ, Reich PB, Oleksyn J, Poot P, Mommer L, (2012) 'Biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots: Meta-analyses of interspecific variation and environmental control', New Phytologist, vol.193, no.1, pp 30-50

Reich PB, (2012) 'Key canopy traits drive forest productivity', Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.279, no.1736, pp 2128-2134

Reich PB, Frelich LE, Voldseth RA, Bakken P, Adair EC, (2012) 'Understorey diversity in southern boreal forests is regulated by productivity and its indirect impacts on resource availability and heterogeneity', Journal of Ecology, vol.100, no.2, pp 539-545

Reich PB, Tilman D, Isbell F, Mueller K, Hobbie SE, Flynn DFB, Eisenhauer N, (2012) 'Impacts of biodiversity loss escalate through time as redundancy fades', Science, vol.336, no.6081, pp 589-592

Robakowski P, Li Y, Reich PB, (2012) 'Local ecotypic and species range-related adaptation influence photosynthetic temperature optima in deciduous broadleaved trees', Plant Ecology, vol.213, no.1, pp 113-125

van Ommen Kloeke AEE, Douma JC, Ordoñez JC, Reich PB, van Bodegom PM, (2012) 'Global quantification of contrasting leaf life span strategies for deciduous and evergreen species in response to environmental conditions', Global Ecology and Biogeography, vol.21, no.2, pp 224-235

Zhang Y, Chen HYH, Reich PB, (2012) 'Forest productivity increases with evenness, species richness and trait variation: A global meta-analysis', Journal of Ecology, vol.100, no.3, pp 742-749

Reich PB, (2011) ‘Diversity of traits – a functional link to adaptation, community assembly, and ecosystem structure and function’, Strasburger Volume (in press)

Adair EC, Reich PB, Trost JJ, Hobbie SE (2011) ‘Elevated CO₂ stimulates grassland soil respiration by increasing carbon inputs rather than by enhancing soil moisture', Global Change Biology, vol.17, no.12, pp 3546-3563

Antoninka A, Reich PB, Johnson NC, (2011) ‘Seven years of carbon dioxide enrichment, nitrogen fertilization and plant diversity influence arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a grassland ecosystem’, New Phytologist, vol.192, no.1, pp 200-214

Carlson D, Reich PB, Frelich LE, (2011) ‘Fine-scale heterogeneity in overstory composition contributes to heterogeneity of wildfire severity in southern boreal forest’, Journal of Forest Research, vol.16, no.3, pp 203-214

Danz NP, Reich PB, Frelich LE, Niemi GJ, (2011) ‘Vegetation controls vary across space and spatial scale in a historic grassland-forest biome boundary’, Ecography, vol.34, no.3, pp 402-414

Dybzinski R, Farrior C, Wolf A, Reich PB, Pacala SW, (2011) 'Evolutionarily stable strategy carbon allocation to foliage, wood, and fine roots in trees competing for light and nitrogen: an analytically-tractable, individual-based model and quantitative comparisons to data', The Amercian Naturalist, vol.177, no.2, pp 153-166

Eisenhauer N, Schlaghamersky J, Reich PB, Frelich LE,(2011) 'The wave towards a new steady state: effects of earthworm invasion on soil microbial functions', Biological Invasions, vol.13, no.10, pp 2191-2196

Fissore C, Espeleta JF, Nater EA, Hobbie SE, Reich PB, (2011) 'A reply to Jarchow and Liebman', Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, vol. 9, no.5, pp 262-263

Goebel M, Hobbie SE, Bulaj B, Zadworny M, Archibold DD, Oleksyn J, Reich PB, Eissenstat DM, (2011) 'Decomposition of the finest root branching orders: linking belowground dynamics to fine-root function and structure', Ecological Monographs, vol.81, no.1, pp 89-102

Han WX, Fang JY, Reich PB, Woodward FI, Wang ZH, (2011) 'Biogeography and variability of eleven mineral elements in plant leaves across gradients of climate, soil and plant functional type in China', Ecology Letters, vol.14, no.8, pp 788-796

Hector A, Bell T, Hautier Y, Isbell F, Kéry M, Reich PB, van Ruijven J, Schmid B, (2011) 'BUGS in the Analysis of Biodiversity Experiments: Species richness and composition are of similar importance for grassland productivity', PLOS One, vol.6, no.3, e17434

Isbell F, Calcagno V, Hector A, Connolly J, Harpole WS, Reich PB, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Tilman D, van Ruijven J, Weigelt A, Wilsey BJ, Zavaleta ES, Loreau1 M, (2011) 'High plant diversity is needed to maintain ecosystem services', Nature, vol.477, no.7363, pp 199-202

Kattge J, Diaz S, Lavorel S, Prentice C, Leadley P, Bonisch G, Garnier E, Westoby M, Reich PB, Wright IJ, Cornelissen JHC, Violle C, Harrison SP, van Bodegom PM, Reichstein M, Enquist BJ, Soudzilovskaia NA, Ackerly DD, Anand M, Atkin O, Bahn M, Baker TR, Baldocchi D, Bekker R, Blanco CC, Blonder B, Bond WJ, Bradstock R, Bunker DE, Casanoves F, Cavender-Bares J, Chambers JQ, Chapin FS, Chave J, Coomes D, Cornwell WK, Craine JM, Dobrin BH, Duarte L, Durka W, Elser J, Esser G, Estiarte M, Fagan WF, Fang J, Fernandez-Mendez F, Fidelis A, Finegan B, Flores O, Ford H, Frank D, Freschet GT, Fyllas NM, Gallagher RV, Green WA, Gutierrez AG, Hickler T, Higgins SI, Hodgson JG, Jalili A, Jansen S, Joly CA, Kerkhoff AJ, Kirkup D, Kitajima K, Kleyer M, Klotz S, Knops JMH, Kramer K, Kuhn I, Kurokawa H, Laughlin D, Lee TD, Leishman M, Lens F, Lenz T, Lewis SL, Lloyd J, Llusia J, Louault F, Ma S, Mahecha MD, Manning P, Massad T, Medlyn BE, Messier J, Moles AT, Muller SC, Nadrowski K, Naeem S, Niinemets U, Nollert S, Nuske A, Ogaya R, Oleksyn J, Onipchenko VG, Onoda Y, Ordonez J, Overbeck G, Ozinga WA, Patino S, Paula S, Pausas JG, Penuelas J, Phillips OL, Pillar V, Poorter H, Poorter L, Poschlod P, Prinzing A, Proulx R, Rammig A, Reinsch S, Reu B, Sack L, Salgado-Negre B, Sardans J, Shiodera S, Shipley B, Siefert A, Sosinski E, Soussana JF, Swaine E, Swenson N, Thompson K, Thornton P, Waldram M, Weiher E, White M, White S, Wright SJ, Yguel B, Zaehle S, Zanne AE, Wirth C, (2011) 'TRY - a global database of plant traits', Global Change Biology, vol.17, no.9, pp 2905-2935

Kueffer C, Niinemets U, Drenovsky RE, Kattge J, Milberg P, Poorter H, Reich PB, Werner C, Westoby M, Wright IJ, (2011) 'Fame, glory and neglect in meta-analyses', Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.26, no.10, pp 493-494

Lee TD, Barrott SH, Reich PB, (2011) 'Photosynthetic responses of 13 grassland species across 11 years of free-air CO₂ enrichment is modest, consistent and independent of N supply', Global Change Biology, vol.17, no.9, pp 2893-2904

Liu YZ, Reich PB, Li GY, Sun SC, (2011) 'Shifting phenology and abundance under experimental warming alters trophic relationships and plant reproductive capacity', Ecology, vol.92, no.6, pp 1201-1207

Mangan ME, Sheaffer CC, Wyse DL, Ehlke NJ, Reich PB, (2011) ‘Native perennial grassland species for bioenergy: Establishment and biomass productivity’, Agronomy Journal, vol.103, no.2, pp 509-519

Milla R, Reich PB, (2011) ‘Multi-trait interactions, not phylogeny, fine-tune leaf size reduction with increasing altitude’, Annals of Botany, vol.107, no.3, pp 455-465

Pelc B, Montgomery RA, Reich PB, (2011) ‘Frequency and timing of stem removal influence Corylus americana resprout vigor in oak savanna’, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.261, no.1, pp136-142

Reich PB, (2011) 'Taking stock of forest carbon', Nature Climate Change, vol.1, no.7, pp 346-347

Schnitzer SA, Klironomos JN, Hille Ris Lambers J, Kinkel LL, Reich PB, Xiao K, Rillig MC, Sikes, BA, Callaway RM, Mangan SA, van Nes EH, Scheffer M, (2011) ‘Soil microbes drive the classic plant diversity – productivity pattern’, Ecology, vol.92, no.2, pp 296-303

Wu X, Duffy EJ, Reich PB, Sun S, (2011) ‘A brown-world cascade in the dung decomposer food web of an alpine meadow: Effects of predator interactions and warming’, Ecological Monographs, vol.81, no.2, pp 313-328

Yuan ZY, Chen HY, Reich PB, (2011) ‘Global-scale latitudinal patterns of plant fine-root nitrogen and phosphorus’, Nature Communications, vol.2, article no.344

Crous KY, Reich PB, Hunter MD, Ellsworth DS, (2010) ‘Maintenance of leaf N controls the photosynthetic CO₂ response of grassland species exposed to 9 years of free-air CO₂ enrichment’, Global Change Biology, vol.16, no.7, pp 2076-2088

Fissore C, Espeleta J, Nater EA, Hobbie SE, Reich PB, (2010) 'Limited potential for terrestrial carbon sequestration to offset fossil-fuel emissions in the upper midwestern US', Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, vol.8, no.8, pp 409–413

Frelich LE, Reich PB, (2010) ‘Will multiple environmental changes reinforce the impact of global warming on the prairie-forest border of central North America?’, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, vol.8, no.7, pp 371–378

He J-S, Wang X, Schmid B, Flynn DFB, Li XF, Reich PB, Fang J, (2010) 'Taxonomic identity, phylogeny, climate and soil fertility as drivers of leaf traits across Chinese grassland biomes', Journal of Plant Research, vol.123, no.4, pp 551-561

He Z, Xu ME, Deng Y, Kang S, Kellogg L, Wu L, van Nostrand JD, Hobbie SE, Reich PB, Zhou J, (2010) 'Metagenomic analysis reveals a marked divergence in the structure of belowground microbial communities at elevated CO₂', Ecology Letters, vol.13, no.5, pp 564-575

Hobbie SE, Eissenstat D, Oleksyn J, Reich PB, (2010) 'Fine root decomposition rates do not mirror those of leaf litter among temperate tree species', Oecologia, vol.162, no.2, pp 505–513

Larson ER, Kipfmueller KF, Hale C, Frelich LE, Reich PB, (2010), 'Tree rings detect earthworm invasions and their effects in northern Hardwood forests', Biological Invasions, vol.12, no.5, pp 1053–1066

Lau JA, Shaw RG, Reich PB, Tiffin P, (2010) 'Species interactions in a changing environment: elevated CO₂ alters the ecological and potential evolutionary consequences of competition', Evolutionary Ecology Research, vol.12, pp 435-455

McCulloh, K, Sperry JS, Lachenbruch B, Meinzer FC, Reich PB, Voelker S, (2010) ‘Moving water well: comparing hydraulic efficiency in twigs and trunks of coniferous, ring-porous, and diffuse-porous saplings from temperate and tropical forests’, New Phytologist, vol.186, no.2, pp 439-450. (finalist for New Phytologist Tansley Medal for Excellence in Plant Science)

Montgomery, R, Palik B, Reich PB, (2010) ‘Untangling positive and negative biotic interactions: views from above and below ground in a forest ecosystem’, Ecology, vol.91, no.12, pp 3641-3655

Peng Y, Niklas KJ, Reich PB, Sun S, (2010) 'Ontogenetic shift in the scaling of dark respiration with whole-plant mass in seven shrub species', Functional Ecology, vol.24, no.3, pp 502–512

Pierce A, Reich PB, (2010) 'The effects of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) invasion and removal on a dry bluff prairie ecosystem', Biological Invasions, vol.12, no.1, pp 241-252

Reich PB, (2010) ‘The carbon dioxide exchange’, Science, vol.329, pp 774-775

Reich PB, (2010) 'Permafrost and Wetland Carbon Stocks—Response', Science, vol.330, no.6008, p 1177

Reich PB, Oleksyn J, Wright IJ, Niklas KJ, Hedin L, Elser JJ, (2010) 'Evidence of a general 2/3-power law of scaling of leaf nitrogen to phosphorus among major plant groups and biomes', Proceedings of The Royal Society B, vol.277, pp 877-883

Rich R, Frelich L, Reich PB, Bauer ME, (2010) 'Detecting wind-disturbance severity and canopy heterogeneity in boreal forest by coupling high-resolution satellite imagery and field data', Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.114, no.2, pp 299–308

Savage VM, Bentley LP, Enquist BJ, Sperry JS, Smith DD, Reich PB, von Allmen EI, (2010) ‘Hydraulic tradeoffs and space filling enable better predictions of vascular structure and function in plants’, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences (USA), vol.107, no.52, pp 22722-22727

Schmitt Olabisi LK, Kapuscinski AR, Johnson K, Reich PB, Stenquist B, Draeger KJ, (2010) 'Using Scenario Visioning and Participatory System Dynamics Modeling to Investigate the Future: Lessons from Minnesota 2050', Sustainability, vol.2, no.8, pp 2686-2706

Trocha L, Mucha J, Eissenstat DM, Reich PB, Oleksyn J, (2010) 'Ectomycorrhizal identity determines respiration and concentrations of nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrates in root tips: a test using Pinus sylvestris and Quercus robur saplings', Tree Physiology, vol.30, no.5, pp 648-654

Willis CG, Halina M, Lehman C, Reich PB, Keen A, McCarthy S, Cavender-Bares J, (2010), 'Phylogenetic community structure in Minnesota oak savanna is influenced by spatial extent and environmental variation', Ecography, vol.33, no.3, pp 565-577

Wright SJ, Kitajima K, Kraft NJB, Reich PB, Wright IJ, Bunker DE, Condit R, Dalling J, Davies S, Díaz S, Engelbrecht BMJ, Harms KE, Hubbell SP, Marks CO, Ruiz-Jaen MC, Salvador CM, Valencia R, Zanne AE, (2010) 'Functional traits and the growth-mortality tradeoff in tropical trees', Ecology, vol.91, no.12, pp 3664-3674

Cernusak LA, Tcherkez G, Keitel C, Cornwell WK, Santiago LS, Knohl A, Barbour MM, Williams DG, Reich PB, Ellsworth DS, Dawson TE, Griffiths HG, Farquhar GD, Wright IJ, (2009) ‘Why are non-photosynthetic tissues generally ¹³C enriched compared with leaves in C₃ plants? Review and synthesis of current hypotheses’, Functional Plant Biology, vol.36, no.3, pp 199-213

Reich PB, (2009) ‘Elevated CO₂ reduces loss of plant diversity caused by nitrogen deposition’, Science, vol.326, pp 1399-1402

Reich PB, Falster DS, Ellsworth DS, Wright IJ, Westoby M, Oleksyn J, Lee TD, (2009) ‘Controls on declining carbon balance with leaf age among 10 woody species in Australian woodland: Do leaves have zero daily net carbon balances when they die?’, New Phytologist, vol.183, no.1, pp 153-166

Tjoelker MG, Oleksyn J, Lorenc-Plucinska G, Reich PB, (2009), ‘Acclimation of respiratory temperature responses in northern and southern populations of Pinus banksiana’, New Phytologist, vol.181, no.1, pp 218-229.

Makarieva AM, Gorshkov VG, Li B-L, Chown SL, Reich PB, Gavrilov VM, (2008) ‘Mean mass-specific metabolic rates are strikingly similar across life’s major domains: Evidence for life’s metabolic optimum’, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences (USA), vol.105, no.44, pp 16994-16999

Ollinger SV, Richardson AD, Martin ME, Hollinger DY, Frolking S, Reich PB, and 11 others, (2008) ‘Canopy nitrogen, carbon assimilation and albedo in temperate and boreal forests: functional relations and potential climate feedbacks’, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences (USA), vol.105. no.49, pp 19336-19341

Reich PB, Oleksyn J, (2008) ‘Climate warming will reduce growth and survival of Scots pine except in the far north’, Ecology Letters, vol.11, no.6, pp 588-597

Reich PB, Tjoelker MG, Pregitzer KS, Wright IJ, Oleksyn J, Machado JL, (2008) ‘Scaling of respiration to nitrogen in leaves, stems, and roots of higher land plants’, Ecology Letters, vol.11, no.8, pp 793-801

Tjoelker MG, Oleksyn J, Reich PB, Zytkowiak R, (2008) ‘Coupling of respiration, nitrogen, and sugars underlies convergent temperature acclimation in Pinus banksiana across wide-ranging sites and populations’, Global Change Biology, vol.14, no.4, pp 782-797

Chung H, Zak DR, Ellsworth DS, Reich PB, (2007) 'Declining plant species richness, elevated CO2, and atmospheric N deposition alter soil microbial community composition and function', Global Change Biology, vol.13, pp 980-989

Chung H, Zak DR, Reich PB, Ellsworth DS, (2007) ‘Plant species richness, elevated CO2, and atmospheric nitrogen deposition alter soil microbial community composition and function’ Global Change Biology, vol.13, pp 1-10

Niklas KJ, Cobb ED, Niinemets Ü, Reich PB, Sellin A, Shipley B, Wright IJ, (2007) ‘“Diminishing returns” in function with increasing leaf mass across and within six species-groups’, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences (USA), vol.104, no.21, pp 8891-8896

Reich PB, Tjoelker MG, Machado JL, Oleksyn J, (2006) ‘Universal scaling of respiratory metabolism, size and nitrogen in plants’, Nature, vol.439, no.7075, pp 457-461

Reich PB, Hobbie SE, Lee TD, Ellsworth DS, West JB, Tilman D, Knops JHM, Naeem S, Trost J, (2006), 'Nitrogen limitation constrains sustainability of ecosystem response to CO₂', Nature, vol.440, no.7086, pp 922-925

Tilman D, Reich PB, Knops KMH, (2006) ‘Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment’, Nature, vol.441, no.7093, pp 629-632

Tjoelker MG, Craine JM, Wedin DA, Reich PB, Tilman DG, (2005), 'Linking leaf and root trait syndromes among 39 grassland and savannah species', New Phytologist, vol.167, no.2, pp 493-508

Ellsworth DS, Reich PB, Naumburg ES, Koch GW, Kubiske ME, Smith SD, (2004) 'Photosynthesis, carboxylation and leaf nitrogen responses of 16 species to elevated pCO₂ across four free-air CO₂ enrichment experiments in forest, grassland and desert', Global Change Biology, vol.10, pp 2121-2138

Reich PB, Naeem S, Tilman D, Ellsworth D, Knops J, Craine J, Trost J, Wedin D, (2004), 'Species and functional group diversity independently influence biomass accumulation and its response to CO₂ and N', Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences (USA), vol.101, no.27, pp 10101-10106

Reich PB, Oleksyn J, (2004) ‘Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude’, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences (USA), vol.101, no.30, pp11001-11006

Reich PB, Uhl C, Walters M, Prugh L, Ellsworth DS, (2004) ‘Births, deaths, longevity and phenology of Amazonian rain forest leaves: results of a 9-year, 40,000 leaf demography census’, Ecological Monographs, vol.74, pp 3-24

Wright IJ, Reich PB, Westoby M, Ackerly DD, Baruch Z, Bongers F, Cavender-Bares J, Chapin T, Cornelissen JHC, Diemer M, Flexas J, Garnier E, Groom PK, Gulias J, Hikosaka K, Lamont BB, Lee T, Lee W, Lusk C, Midgley JJ, Navas M-L, Niinemets Ü, Oleksyn J, Osada N, Poorter H, Poot P, Prior L, Pyankov VI, Roumet C, Thomas SC, Tjoelker MG, Veneklaas EJ, Villar R, (2004), ‘The world-wide leaf economics spectrum’, Nature, vol. 428, no.6985, pp 821-827

Kennedy T, Naeem S, Howe K, Knops J, Tilman D, Reich P, (2002) ‘Biodiversity as a barrier to ecological invasion’, Nature, vol.417, no.6889, pp 636-638

Tilman D, Reich PB, Knops J, Wedin D, Mielke T, Lehman C, (2001) ‘Diversity and productivity in a long-term grassland experiment’, Science, vol.294, pp 843-845

Reich PB, Ellsworth DS, Walters MB, Vose J, Gresham C, Volin J, Bowman W, (1999) ‘Generality of leaf traits relationships: a test across six biomes’, Ecology, vol.80, no.6, pp 1955-1969

Reich PB, Walters, MB, Ellsworth DS, (1997) ‘From tropics to tundra: global convergence in plant functioning’, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences (USA), vol.94, no.4, pp 13730-13734

Tilman D, Knops J, Wedin D, Reich P, Ritchie M, Siemann E, (1997), ‘The influence of functional diversity and composition on ecosystem processes’, Science, vol.277, pp 1300-1302

Reich PB, Walters MB, Ellsworth DS, (1992) ‘Leaf lifespan in relation to leaf, plant and stand characteristics among diverse ecosystems’, Ecological Monographs, vol.62, pp 365-392

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Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment